3, Chap.

4.) Dr.Murray, in the essay already quoted, speaks of Sir James Mackintosh as the ablest Protestant writer who refuted the Anglican theory, which Mackintosh speaks of as "The extravagance of thus representing obedience as the only duty without an exception." Dr.Murray concludes his own essay on _Resistance to the Supreme Civil Power_ by a long passage from Mackintosh, the weight and wisdom of which he praises.

The greater part of the passage is devoted to the difficulties even of success and emphasising the terrible evils of failure.

In what has already been written here I have been at pains rather to lay bare all possible evils than to hide them.

But when revolt has become necessary and inevitable, then the conclusion of the passage Dr.Murray quotes should be endorsed by all: "An insurrection rendered necessary by oppression, and warranted by a reasonable probability of a happy termination, is an act of public virtue, always environed with so much peril as to merit admiration." Yes, and given the happy termination, the right and responsibility of establishing a new government rest with the body of the people.
V We come, then, to this conclusion, that government is just only when rightfully established and for the public good; that usurpation not only may but ought to be resisted; that an authority originally legitimate once it becomes habitually tyrannical may be resisted and deposed; and that when from abuse or tyranny a particular government ceases to exist, we have to re-establish a true one.