A complete circle should be described at each count.

Then reverse, going through the same process, the circles being described in the opposite direction.
In the "Grind" exercises special precaution should be taken not to let the center of the circle, that the hands are making, come in front of the shoulders; it should be straight out in the horizontal position; moreover, as the arm goes backward an attempt should be made to make the shoulder-blades almost meet.

This is particularly necessary on the reverse--that is, when the hands are coming forward--for here the tendency, unless men keep the shoulders back, is to contract the chest.
Grate: (The order is "Shoulder Grate.

Ready--Cross.

Grate!") Assume the "Cross" position.