From Moorish Spain the gentle and gallant idea of chivalry had been brought, and with it the noble sentiment of "personal honor," destined in the course of time to give a code of its own to Europe.
EFFECT OF THE GREAT SCHISM.

The return of the papacy to Rome was far from restoring the influence of the popes over the Italian Peninsula.
More than two generations had passed away since their departure, and, had they come back even in their original strength, they could not have resisted the intellectual progress that had been made during their absence.

The papacy, however, came back not to rule, but to be divided against itself, to encounter the Great Schism.

Out of its dissensions emerged two rival popes; eventually there were three, each pressing his claims upon the religious, each cursing his rival.

A sentiment of indignation soon spread all over Europe, a determination that the shameful scenes which were then enacting should be ended.