In spite of all attempts to change this system of exclusion, to open the dignities of the Church to all Catholicism, no foreigner can reach the holy chair.

It is recognized that the Church is a domain given by God to the princely Italian families.

Of fifty-five members of the present College of Cardinals, forty are Italians--that is, thirty-two beyond their proper share.
The stumbling-block to the progress of Europe has been its dual system of government.

So long as every nation had two sovereigns, a temporal one at home and a spiritual one in a foreign land--there being different temporal masters in different nations, but only one foreign master for all, the pontiff at Rome--how was it possible that history should present us with any thing more than a narrative of the strifes of these rival powers?
Whoever will reflect on this state of things will see how it is that those nations which have shaken off the dual form of government are those which have made the greatest advance.

He will discern what is the cause of the paralysis which has befallen France.