He defined the nature and crime of treason with elaboration and circumlocution.

He quoted the ancient statute wherein the people, speaking of themselves, say that they recognize no superior under God but only the King's grace.

"I do no speak my own words," he said, "but the words of the law, and I urge this the more lest any persons should draw dangerous inferences to shadow their traitorous acts.

Gentlemen, the King is the vicegerent of God, and has no superior.

If any man shall shroud himself under any pretended authority, you must know that this is not an excuse, but the height of aggravation." Once more the judge paused, drew his robes about him, and turned sharply to the jury to observe the effect of his words; then to his brother on the bench, for the light of his countenance.