His views are more rigid than those of his teacher.
Scarcely can he conceive of two influences, the spiritual and the governmental, working on parallel lines, on different parts of man's nature.

His conception of human society is that of an indivisible, indistinguishable whole, wherein materialism, tinged now and again by religious sentiment and personal honour, is the sole noteworthy influence.

He finds no worth in a religion which seeks to work from within to without, which aims at transforming character, and thus transforming the world.

In its headlong quest of tangible results his eager spirit scorns so tardy a method: he will "compel men to be happy," and for this result there is but one practicable means, the Social Contract, the State.

Everything which mars the unity of the Social Contract shall be shattered, so that the State may have a clear field for the exercise of its beneficent despotism.