Though the grandees of Spain welcomed the new monarch with courtly grace, though Charles IV.

gave him his blessing, though Ferdinand demeaned himself by advising his former subjects quietly to submit, the populace willed otherwise.
Every instinct of the Spanish nature was aflame with resentment.
Loathing for Charles IV., his Queen, and their favourite, whom Napoleon richly dowered, love of the young King whom he falsely filched away, detestation of the French troops who outraged the rights of hospitality, and zeal for the Roman Catholic Church, whose chief had just been robbed of half his States, goaded the Spaniards to madness.

Their indignation rumbled hoarsely for a time, like a volcano in labour, and then burst forth in an explosion of fury.

The constitution which Napoleon presented to the Spanish Notables at Bayonne was accepted by them, only to be flung back with scorn by the people.

The men of enlightenment who counselled prudence and patience were slain by raging mobs or sought safety in flight.