Hitherto he had always been able to marshal the popular impulse on his side.

As the heir to the Revolution he had appealed, and not in vain, to the democratic forces which he had hypnotized in France but sought to stir up in his favour abroad.

Despite the efforts of Czartoryski and Stein to tear the democratic mask from his face, it imposed on mankind until the Spanish Revolution laid bare the truth; and at St.Helena the exile gave his own verdict on the policy of Bayonne: "It was the Spanish ulcer which ruined me." NOTE TO THE THIRD EDITION .-- For a careful account of the Convention of Cintra in its military and political aspects, see Mr.Oman's recently published "History of the Peninsular War," vol.i., pp.

268-278, 291-300.

I cannot, however, agree with the learned author that that Convention was justifiable on military grounds, after so decisive a victory as Vimiero.
* * * * *.