bartered away to France the whole of Louisiana.

Nevertheless, the First Consul kept his troops in Parma, and on the death of the old duke in October, 1802, Parma and its dependencies were incorporated in the French Republic.
The naval supremacy of France in the Mediterranean was also secured by the annexation of the Isle of Elba with its excellent harbour of Porto Ferrajo.

Three deputies from Elba came to Paris to pay their respects to their new ruler.

The Minister of War was thereupon charged to treat them with every courtesy, to entertain them at dinner, to give them 3,000 francs apiece, and to hint that on their presentation to Bonaparte they might make a short speech expressing the pleasure of their people at being united with France.

By such deft rehearsals did this master in the art of scenic displays weld Elba on to France and France to himself.
Even more important was Bonaparte's intervention in Switzerland.