The step form is the result of carrying upwards the mastaba form, at the same time that it was enlarged outwards.
(33) Not in all cases apparently, for the hieroglyphs on the passage of Pepi's pyramid are not injured, as they would be if plugs had been withdrawn.
(34) Pepi's roof is formed by a row of large beams which rested independently on the side walls as corbels or cantilevers (see Note 29).
(35) The mastaba angle is 75 deg., and the pyramid angle 50 deg.

to 55 deg..
(36) Its present appearance is an accident of its demolition; it was originally, like the "step-pyramid" of Sakkarah, a cumulative mastaba, as is shown by the remains of the lower steps still in the mounds at its base, and by the mediaeval description of it.
INDEX Aahhotep, 157, 323-30.
Aahhotep II., 288-9.
Aalu, fields of, 163-4, 167.
Abacus, 52-4, 58, 61, 116.
Abi, 273.
Abu Roash, 113, 134.
Abu Simbel (see TEMPLES, etc.).
Abusir, 114, 131, 134, 138, 140.
Abydos (see FORTRESSES, TEMPLES, TOMBS, etc.).
Acacia, 203, 274.
Adze, of iron, 283, 304.
Affi (see TOMB).
Agate, 247.
Ahmes I., 267, 307, 317, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329.
Ahmes II., 269 and note.
(see AMASIS).
Ahmesnefertari, 288-9.
Ahnas el Medineh, 259.
Ai, 15, 155, 158.
Aimadua (see TOMB).
Akhonuti, 16.
Alabaster, 6, 42, 47, 65, 128, 141, 166, 169, 180, 252, 253-4.
Albumen, 203.
Alexander, his tomb, 242.
Alexander II., colossus of, 241.
Alexandria, 52, 241, 243, 303.
Alumina, 260.
Amasis, 269 and note, 302 (see AHMES II.).
Amber, 247.
Ambras Collection, in Vienna, 272 (note).
Amen (see GODS).
Amen Ra (see GODS).
Amenemhat II., 76, 322.
Amenemhat III., 76, 143, 228 (see MOERIS).
Amenhotep I., 157, 229, 287.
Amenhotep II., 53.
Amenhotep III., 67, 69, 76, 77, 80, 103, 147, 158, 179, 226, 229, 230, 266, 275, 312, 318.
(see MEMNON).
Ameni (see TOMB).
Ameni Entef Amenemhat, 107.
Ameniritis, 235 and note.
Amethyst, 246, 250.
Amphorae 35, 36, 127, 264.
Ampullae, 269.
Amset, genius, 258 (note).
Amulets, materials and forms of, 100, 167, 246-50, 259, 265, 286.
Ancient Empire,-- art of (see BAS-RELIEF, SCULPTURE, and STATUE).
domestic architecture of, 19.
fortress of, 27.
tombs of (see MASTABAS and PYRAMIDS).
Andro-sphinx, 89, 228-9.
Angareb, or Nubian bed, 281, 292.
Anhur (see GODS).
Ankh, 286, 288.
Ankhnesraneferab, sarcophagus of, 165 (note).
Anklets, 321.
Anna (see TOMB).
Antelopes, 176, 299, 326.
Antimony, 254, 267 (see KOHL).
Antonines, 244, 245.
Antoninus Pius, his chapel at Philae, 100.
Anubis (see GODS).
Anvil, 313.
Apapi, the serpent, 164.
Ape, 171, 176, 199, 254, 269, 322.
Apepi, King of Avaris, 228.
Apet (see GODDESSES, TAURT, THUERIS).
Apis (see GODS).
Apries, 269 and note, 311 (see HOPHRA and UAHABRA).
Aquamarine, the, 246.
Arabs,-- their destructive conquest, 134.
their name for table of offerings, 107.
Archers, 29, 184.
Architecture,-- military, 24-34.
of private dwellings, 1-20.
of public works, 34-45.
temples, 46-110.
tombs, 111-168.
(see MASTABAS, PYRAMIDS, etc.).
Architraves, 46, 52, 53, 54, 63, 65, 93.
Argo, colossi of, 227.
Arms, 157, 166.
battle-axe, 329.
boomerangs, 273, 329.
bows and arrows, 184, 329.
bronze, 305.
lance, 232.
poignards, 273, 327-8.
Arsenic, sulphuret of, orpiment, 203.
Ascalon, 31.
Asia, 91, 312.
Asia Minor, 248, 280, 320.
Asimu (see ELECTRUM).
Ass, in drawings, 171, 175.
Assyria, invasion of Egypt by, 314.
Astronomical tables, 92-4, 164.
Asuan, 45, 53, 67, 148-50, 209 and note, 226, 228, 256 (note), 259, 265.
(see SYENE and TOMBS).
Athena, 302.
Athens, bronze of the Lady Takushet at, 308.
Ati, pyramid of, 142.
Avaris, 228.
Avenue of Sphinxes, 67.
at Karnak, 87, 88-9, 230.
Axe,-- battle, 327, 329.
iron, 304.
stone, 201.
Axum, obelisk at, 106.
Ba, or Bi, the soul, 111, 112.
abode of the, 128.
abode of the, its decoration, 142, 156-7, 162-5.
following the sun at night, 159.
statuettes to serve as body for, 167.
transmigration of, 164.
Bab el Mandeb, 109 (note).
Ba-en-pet, 196 and note.
(see IRON).
Bakenrenf (see TOMB).
Bakhtan, stela of, 109 and note.
Bari, or boat of the Sun, 108.
Barks, sacred and funerary, 66, 77, 95, 108, 159, 164, 166, 249, 301, 329-30.
Basalt, 42, 127, 169, 196, 236, 237, 252.
Basilisk, 201 (see URAEUS.) Bas-relief,-- Abu Simbel, 229.
Egyptian forms of, 197-9.
gems, 249.
gilded, 313.
ivory, 273.
models for study of, 197.
New Empire, 228-9.
painting of, 205-6.
preparation of walls for, 192-3.
Roman period, 245.
sketches for, 193-5.
speos of Horemheb, 232.
Tell el Amarna, 231.
Temple of Abydos, 232.
Tomb of Seti I., 232.
(See PAINTING, SCULPTURE, and WALL-SCENES.) Bast (see GODDESSES).
Bastions, 28, 29, 32.
Battlements, 14, 24, 25, 32, 50.
Beads, 168, 247, 261, 324.
Beams, 6, 30.
of stone, 140.
Beard,-- false, of statue of Horemheb, 233.
of sphinx, 208.
Bedawin, 20, 42, 101.
Beds, 281, 292.
funerary, 292-4.
Beer, at funerary feast, 180.
Beetles (see SCARABAEI).
Begig, obelisk of, 105.
Beit el Wally (see TEMPLES and HEMI-SPEOS).
Beni Hasan (see TOMBS).
Beni Suef, 38.
Berlin Museum, parure of jewels at, 322.
Bersheh (see TOMBS).
Bes (see GODS).
Bezel, of rings, 321-2, 331.
Bi (see BA).
Bird, human-handed, 91.
Birket el Kurun, lake of, 38, 39.
Blocks, building,-- dressing, 47, Notes 6 and 7.
in pyramids, 132, Note 15, 139, Note 33.
raising, 49.
sizes, 49.
working, 49, Note 7.
Boats, toy, 282.
transport by, 45, 132.
(See BARKS.) Bonding, 48-9.
Bone, work in, 272-3.
Book of Knowing that which is in Hades, 172.
Book of Ritual of Burial, 157.
Book of Ritual of Embalmment, 157.
Book of the Dead, 129, 157, 165, 172-5, 205, 284-5.
Book of the Opening of the Mouth, 165.
Bowls, of blue glazed pottery, 268.
Bracelets, 249, 276, 308, 324-5, 331, 332.
Braces, 298, 327.
Bread,-- making of, depicted in tombs, etc., 124, 127, 224.
offerings of, 166.
Breccia, 42, 236, 254.
Bricks,-- baked, 4.
for pyramids, 132.
glazed, 4, 270, Note 4.
in civil and military architecture, 46.
making of, 3-4, Notes 2 and 3.
of mud and straw, 3, 114.
sun-dried, 3, 21, 113-14, 145.
without straw, 113, 145.
Brickwork,-- civil and military architecture, 46.
dikes, 38.
domestic architecture, 3,5-6.
enclosure walls of temples, 67, 87.
foundations, 48.
mastabas, 113, 114.
panels, 22.
pyramid-mastabas, 145-6.
undulating courses, 22, 27.
Bridge of Zaru, 35.
Bridges, rarity of, 35.
British Museum, 171, 270 (note), 272 (note), 295, 303.
Brocade (polymita), 303.
Bronze, 105, 195, 196, 248, 260, 261, 304 _et seq._, 328.
Bronzes, 307-12.
Brush, hair, 203.
reed, 170, 171.
Bubastis, 1, 52, 58, 88, 266, 308, 310 (see TELL BASTA).
Bubastites (see DYNASTY XXII.).
"Bulak, Wooden Man of," 214 (note).
(see RAEMKA and SHEIKH EL BELED).
Bull, 199.
(see GODS, APIS).
Burin, 305, 325.
Cabinet-making, 124.273.282 _et seq._ Caesars (see ROMAN PERIOD).
Calaite, 247.
Caligula, 245.
Cameos, 332.
Canaanites, 31.
Canal of Zaru, 35.
Canals, 37, 45.
Canopic vases, 167, 252-3, 258-9, 292.
Canopy, funerary, 293-5, 299-301.
Capitals (see COLUMNS and PILLARS).
Caricatures, 171-2.
Carnelian, 247, 250, 324, 325, 328.
Cartonnage, 167.
Cartouches, 4, 48, 61, 250, 262, 271, 278, 299, 302, 322, 323, 324, 326, 328, 329.
Caryatid statues, 288.
Casing stones, 47, 65, Notes 7 and 9, 132, Note 15, 134, Note 20, 138, Note 32.
Cat, 171, 172, 311.
Cattle, 13, 25, 155.
Cedar wood, 329.
Ceiling decoration, 18-9, 92, 94, 141, 163-4.
Cella, 58.
Cellars, 35, 36.
Cement, 52, 192, 194.
Census, 155.
Ceremonies, religious, performed by king, 95-7, 101-3.
Chains, 155, 325-6.
measuring, 155.
Chairs, 179, 281, 295-6.
Champollion, 26, 55, 271.
Chapel,-- furniture of, 166.
of mastabas, 116 _et pas._ of pyramids, 131 _et pas._, 144.
painting and sculpture in, 121 _et seq._, 141-2.
reception room of Ka, 118 _et seq._ (See ABUSIR, ABYDOS, AMENHOTEP, AMENI, APIS, DAHSHUR, GIZEH, GURNEH, KHNUMHOTEP, MEDINET HABU, MEROE, RAMESSEUM, THUERIS.) Chariots, 183, 292.
Chenoboscion, 45 (note).
(see KASR ES SAID).
Cheops (see KHUFU).
Chephren (see KHAFRA).
Chester, the Rev.G.J., 303 (note).
Chests, 281, 283.
Chisels, 45, 195, 214, 304.
Chlamys, 242.
Chrysoprase, 246.
Cinnabar, 203.
Cisterns, 41.
Claudius, 245.
Clay, potter's, of Nile valley, 254-5.
(see BRICKS, POTTERY).
Clerestory, 71.
Coffins, 157, 259 (see MUMMY-CASES and SARCOPHAGI).
Coins and medals, no Egyptian, 313.
Collar, Order of the Golden, 155.
Colonnade, 17, 48, 67-8, 75, 79.
Colossi, 83, 103, 106, 202, 226-30, 232, 241.
Columns, monolithic, and built in courses, 52.
campaniform, 56-9.
Hathor-headed, 61-2.
lotus-bud, 59-61.
types of, 55.
Concrete, 128.
Cones, funerary, 166, 257.
Contra Esneh, 57.
Contra Latopolis, 61.
(see EL KAB).
Copper, 35, 105, 203, 304, 305, 321.
Coptic embroidery, 303 and note.
Coptos (Koft), 1, 243, 245, 303.
Coral, 247.
"Corbelling," 51, 52.
Corn, 36-7, 97.
Cornice, 9, 15, 24, 50, 53, 61, 148.
Cos, 302.
Courtyard,-- of houses, 9, 16.
of temples, 67, 144.
Covering walls, 25, 29, 30, 32.
Cramps, metal, 48.
Crane, machine, 49, Crio-sphinx, 88, 89.
Crocodile, 171, 189.
Cruets, 318, 320.
Crypts, of temples, 75, 84.
Crystals, 250.
Cups,-- of glazed pottery, 268.
of gold and silver, 316-17.
Curtain wall, 30.
Curve, favourite ancient Egyptian, 283.
Cylinders, of enamelled stone, 265.
Cynocephali, 164, 167, 199, 322.
Cyprus, supposed glass of, 263.
Dahshur, 113, 114, 131, 134, 142, 323.
Dakkeh, 2.
Damanhur, 332.
Dams,-- embanked, 38.
of stone, 40-1.
Dancers, 177, 178.
Daphnae, 36 and note (see TAHPANHES and TELL DEFENNEH).
Dapur, 30, 31.
Date palms, 15, 274.
Decani, 93.
Decoration, subjects of, 11, 12, 18-20, 21-2.
geometrical, 19, 256, 258, 295, 298.
(See COLUMNS, PAINTING, SCULPTURE.) Deir el Bahari, 51, 53, 61, 83, 85 and note, 109 (note), 180, 229, 264, 266, 287, 299, 302.
Deir el Gebrawi (see TOMBS).
Deirel Medineh (see TEMPLES).
Delta, the, 4, 31, 37, 209, 235, 241, 243, 310, 311.
Denderah (see TEMPLES).
Derr, 84.
Deveria, T., 196 (note).
Dice, of ivory, 273.
Die, of column, 57.
Dike,-- of Kosheish, 38.
Wady Garraweh, 40.
Wady Genneh, 41.
Diorite, 42, 169, 196, 224, 254.
Disc, winged, 294.
Dolls, 282.
Dom palms, 15, 274, 318.
Door, 9, 25, 68, 104, 135, 150, 151, 160, 285.
false, for KA, 115, 119-21, 125, 130, 141.
Door-jambs, 26, 46, 47, 116, 119, 151.
Double, the (see KA).
Dovetails, 48.
Drah Abu'l Neggeh, 147, 158, 266.
Draught-box, 273.
Drawing, 169-70.
conventional system of, 175-9.
teaching of, 169-70.
want of perspective in, 182-91.
(See PAINTING AND SCULPTURE.) Dress, 219, 274-6, 327.
articles of,-- braces, 298, 327.
girdle, 178, 274, 278.
head-dress, 241, 276, 286.
kilt, 201, 275.
klaft, 227, 267.
petticoat, 276, 286.
robe, embroidered, 308.
sandals, 168, 286, 298.
surcoat, 302.
tunic, 225, 279.
vest, 275, 286.
wig, 236, 275, 286, 308, 310.
Drill, 195, 247, 250, 282.
Duality, 96-7.
Ducks, 15, 20, 306.
Duemichen, 109 (note).
Dwarf, statue of, 224-6.
Dynasty III.

(Memphite),-- possible wood panels of, 210.
Dynasty IV.

(Memphite),-- decoration, 89-90.
funerary temples, 64 and note, 66.
mastabas of, 117, 118, 124, 125, 126, 128.
obelisks, 104.
pigments, 202 (note).
pyramids, 134-7, 140.
sarcophagus, 19, 20, 21.
scarabaei, 250.
statuary, 214.
Dynasty V.( Memphite),-- Abydos, 22.
elephants, 273.
flesh tints, 204.
ivory statuette, 273.
mastabas, 117, 119, 120, 122.
models of offerings, 252.
monuments, 208-9.
painters' palettes, 202.
panels, carved wood, 210.
pyramids, 139-40.
tables of offerings, 107.
Dynasty VI.

(Elephantine),-- in Abydos, Asuan, the Delta, Hermopolis, Thebes, 209 and note.
bricks, 113.
flesh tints, 204.
fortress, 2.
mastabas, 157.
pyramids, 140, 142.
scarabaei, 250.
tomb-paintings, 21.
tombs, 128, 129, 130, 149 (note), 155, 204, 209 (note).
Dynasty XI.