CHAPTER IV.
MEANS OF SAVING.
"Self-reliance and self-denial will teach a man to drink out of his own cistern, and eat his own sweet bread, and to learn and labour truly to get his own living, and carefully to save and expend the good things committed to his trust."-- _Lord Bacon._ "Love, therefore, labour: if thou should'st not want it for food, thou may'st for physic.

It is wholesome for the body, and good for the mind; it prevents the fruit of idleness."-- _William Penn._ "The parent who does not teach his child a trade, teaches him to be a thief."-- _Brahminical Scriptures._ Those who say that "It can't be done," are probably not aware that many of the working classes are in the receipt of incomes considerably larger than those of professional men.
That this is the case, is not, by any means, a secret.

It is published in blue-books, it is given in evidence before parliamentary committees, it is reported in newspapers.

Any coal-owner, or iron-master, or cotton-spinner, will tell you of the high wages that he pays to his workpeople.
Families employed in the cotton manufacture are able to earn over three pounds a week, according to the number of the children employed.[1] Their annual incomes will thus amount to about a hundred and fifty pounds a year,--which is considerably larger than the incomes of many professional men--higher than the average of country surgeons, higher than the average of the clergy and ministers of all denominations, higher than the average of the teachers of common schools, and probably higher than the average income of the middle classes of the United Kingdom generally.
[Footnote 1: A return of seven families employed by Henry Ashworth, New Cayley Mills, Lancashire, is given in the Blue Book, entitled, "Report of the Paris Universal Exhibition, 1867, containing the Returns relative to the New Order of Reward," p.163.Of the seven families, the lowest earnings per family amounted to L2 14s.

6d.; and the highest to L3 19s.
a week.] An employer at Blackburn informs us that many persons earn upwards of five pounds a week,--or equal to an average income of two hundred and sixty pounds a year.