But with the Upanishads there comes the antithesis of inherited belief and right belief.

The latter is public property, though it is not taught carelessly.

The student is not initiated into the higher wisdom till he is drilled in the lower.

The most unexpected characters appear in the role of instructors of priests, namely, women, kings, and members of the third caste, whose deeper wisdom is promulgated oftentimes as something quite new, and sometimes is whispered in secret.

Pantheism, _sams[=a]ra_,[1] and the eternal bliss of the individual spirit when eventually it is freed from further transmigration,--these three fundamental traits of the new religion are discussed in such a way as to show that they had no hold upon the general public, but they were the intellectual wealth of a few.