But, except in the building up of a Father-god, theology is at bottom not much altered, and the eschatological conceptions remain about as they were, despite a preliminary sign of the doctrine of metempsychosis.

In the Atharva Veda, for the first time, hell is known by its later name (xii.

4.
36), and perhaps its tortures; but the idea of future punishment appears plainly first in the Brahmanic period.

Both the doctrine of re-birth and that of hell appear in the earliest S[=u]tras, and consequently the assumption that these dogmas come from Buddhism does not appear to be well founded; for it is to be presumed whatever religious belief is established in legal literature will have preceded that literature by a considerable period, certainly by a greater length of time than that which divides the first Brahmanic law from Buddhism.
* * * * * FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 1: Compare the accounts of Lafitau; of the native Iroquois, baptized as Morgan; and the works of Schoolcraft and Parkman.] [Footnote 2: _Jesuits in North America_, Introduction, p.
lxi.] [Footnote 3: "Like other Indians, the Hurons were desperate gamblers, staking their all,--ornaments, clothing, canoes, pipes, weapons, and wives," _loc.

cit._ p.xxxvi.