In India it was just the other way.] [Footnote 44: Substitutes of metal or of earthen victims are also mentioned.] [Footnote 45: That the Vedic rite of killing the sacrificial beast (by beating and smothering) was very cruel may be seen in the description, _[=A]it.

Br_.ii.

6.] [Footnote 46: _Cat.

Br._ i.5.2.

4.] [Footnote 47: _Sams[=a]ra_ is transmigration; _karma_, 'act,' implies that the change of abode is conditioned by the acts of a former life.