For great sins one is condemned to pass a great many times into the bodies of dogs, insects, spiders, snakes, or grasses.

The change has relation to the crime: thus, he who steals grain shall be born a rat; he who steals meat, a vulture; those who indulge in forbidden pleasures of the senses shall have their senses made acute to endure intense pain.
The highest of all virtues is disinterested goodness, performed from the love of God, and based on the knowledge of the Veda.

A religious action, performed from hope of reward in this world or the next, will give one a place in the lowest heaven.

But he who performs good actions without hope of reward, "perceiving the supreme soul in all beings, and all beings in the supreme soul, fixing his mind on God, approaches the divine nature." "Let every Brahman, with fixed attention, consider all nature as existing in the Divine Spirit; all worlds as seated in him; he alone as the whole assemblage of gods; and he the author of all human actions." "Let him consider the supreme omnipresent intelligence as the sovereign lord of the universe, by whom alone it exists, an incomprehensible spirit; pervading all beings in five elemental forms, and causing them to pass through birth, growth, and decay, and so to revolve like the wheels of a car." "Thus the man who perceives in his own soul the supreme soul present in all creatures, acquires equanimity toward them all, and shall be absolved at last in the highest essence, even that of the Almighty himself." We have given these copious extracts from the Brahmanic law, because this code is so ancient and authentic, and contains the bright consummate flower of the system, before decay began to come.
Sec.6.The Three Hindoo Systems of Philosophy,--Sankhya, Vedanta, and Nyasa.
Duncker says[53] that the Indian systems of philosophy were produced in the sixth or seventh century before Christ.

As the system of Buddha implies the existence of the Sankhya philosophy, the latter must have preceded Buddhism.[54] Moreover, Kapila and his two principles are distinctly mentioned in the Laws of Manu,[55] and in the later Upanishads.[56] This brings it to the Brahmana period of Max Mueller, B.C.
600 to B.C.800, and probably still earlier.