[Cicero’s Tusculan Disputations by Marcus Tullius Cicero]@TWC D-Link book
Cicero’s Tusculan Disputations

BOOK I
10/70

After this, Velleius, with the confidence peculiar to his sect, dreading nothing so much as to seem to doubt of anything, began as if he had just then descended from the council of the Gods, and Epicurus's intervals of worlds.

Do not attend, says he, to these idle and imaginary tales; nor to the operator and builder of the World, the God of Plato's Timaeus; nor to the old prophetic dame, the [Greek: Pronoia] of the Stoics, which the Latins call Providence; nor to that round, that burning, revolving deity, the World, endowed with sense and understanding; the prodigies and wonders, not of inquisitive philosophers, but of dreamers! For with what eyes of the mind was your Plato able to see that workhouse of such stupendous toil, in which he makes the world to be modelled and built by God?
What materials, what tools, what bars, what machines, what servants, were employed in so vast a work?
How could the air, fire, water, and earth pay obedience and submit to the will of the architect?
From whence arose those five forms,[83] of which the rest were composed, so aptly contributing to frame the mind and produce the senses?
It is tedious to go through all, as they are of such a sort that they look more like things to be desired than to be discovered.
But, what is more remarkable, he gives us a world which has been not only created, but, if I may so say, in a manner formed with hands, and yet he says it is eternal.

Do you conceive him to have the least skill in natural philosophy who is capable of thinking anything to be everlasting that had a beginning?
For what can possibly ever have been put together which cannot be dissolved again?
Or what is there that had a beginning which will not have an end?
If your Providence, Lucilius, is the same as Plato's God, I ask you, as before, who were the assistants, what were the engines, what was the plan and preparation of the whole work?
If it is not the same, then why did she make the world mortal, and not everlasting, like Plato's God?
IX.

But I would demand of you both, why these world-builders started up so suddenly, and lay dormant for so many ages?
For we are not to conclude that, if there was no world, there were therefore no ages.

I do not now speak of such ages as are finished by a certain number of days and nights in annual courses; for I acknowledge that those could not be without the revolution of the world; but there was a certain eternity from infinite time, not measured by any circumscription of seasons; but how that was in space we cannot understand, because we cannot possibly have even the slightest idea of time before time was.


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