The Act of 1871 removed the test of churchmanship for all such places, and for the higher degrees, except theological professorships and degrees in divinity.

The Act of 1877 opened the Headships of the Colleges, and put an end to prize Fellowships for life.

The Provost of Oriel, then Vice- Chancellor, was a layman.

Marriage did not terminate a Fellowship, which, unless it were connected with academic work, lasted for seven years, and no longer.

The old collegiate existence was at an end.
Many of the tutors were married, and lived in their own houses.