There has never been in the Church of England since the divorce of Katharine any power to make a Bishop without the authority of the Crown, or to change a doctrine without the authority of Parliament, nor has any layman been legally subject to temporal punishment by the ecclesiastical courts.

Convocation cannot touch an article or a formulary.

King, Lords, and Commons can make new formularies or abolish the old.

The laity owe no allegiance to the Canons, and in every theological suit the final appeal is to the King in Council, now the Judicial Committee.

Since the accession of Elizabeth divine service has been performed in English, and the English Bible has been open to every one who can read.