Saint Melito defines it as the Incarnation and the Scriptures; Raban Maur as the Preacher, the hypocrite, and the Gentiles; Saint Eucher as the sinner; the Anonymous monk of Clairvaux as Christ; and others which I have forgotten." "These are many meanings for a single plant," observed Durtal.

"But now if we want to specialize some chapels as dedicated to saints, nothing can be easier; at any rate, for such as have lent their names to plants.
"For instance, the Valerian, known as Herb Saint George, the white flower with a hollow stem, which grows in moist, places, and its popular name is quite intelligible since it was used in treating nervous diseases, for which the saint's intercession was invoked.
"Then we have the plant or plants dedicated to Saint Roch: the pennyroyal, and two species of _Inula_, one with bright yellow flowers, a purgative that cures the itch.

Formerly on Saint Roch's day branches of this herb were blessed and hung in the cow-houses to preserve the cattle from epidemics.
"Saint Anne's wort, a humble creeper, the samphire--an emblem of poverty.
"Herb Barbara, the winter-cress, a cruciferous plant, anti-scorbutic--a poverty-stricken flower, creeping along the wayside like a beggar.
"To Saint Fiacre is dedicated the mullein, with its emollient leaves; boiled to make a poultice, it relieves colic, which this saint has a reputation for curing.
"Saint Stephen's wort is the enchanter's nightshade, a beneficent plant with red berries on a hairy stem.

And there are many others.
"For the crypt, supposing we dig one out, it must certainly be filled with the trees mentioned in the Old Testament, of which this portion of the building is itself an allegory.

In spite of climate we must grow the vine and the palm, emblems of eternity; the cedar, which by reason of its incorruptible wood is sometimes thought to symbolize the angels; the olive and the fig, emblems of the Holy Trinity and of the Word; frankincense, cassia and _balsamodendron Myrrha_, a symbol of the perfect humanity of Our Lord; the terebinth--meaning exactly what ?" "According to Peter of Capua, the Cross and the Church; but Saint Melito says the saints.