May it not seem possible that in the solution it is, on the contrary, the internal pressure which is dominant, the manometric pressure becoming of no account?
The coincidence of the formulas would thus be verified, for all the characteristic equations are symmetrical with regard to these two pressures.

From this point of view the osmotic pressure would be considered as the result of an attraction between the solvent and the solute; and it would represent the difference between the internal pressures of the solution and of the pure solvent.

These hypotheses are highly interesting, and very suggestive; but from the way in which the facts have been set forth, it will appear, no doubt, that there is no obligation to admit them in order to believe in the legitimacy of the application of thermodynamics to the phenomena of solution.
Sec.4.ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION From the outset Professor Van t' Hoff was brought to acknowledge that a great number of solutions formed very notable exceptions which were very irregular in appearance.

The analogy with gases did not seem to be maintained, for the osmotic pressure had a very different value from that indicated by the theory.

Everything, however, came right if one multiplied by a factor, determined according to each case, but greater than unity, the constant of the characteristic formula.
Similar divergences were manifested in the delays observed in congelation, and disappeared when subjected to an analogous correction.
Thus the freezing-point of a normal solution, containing a molecule gramme (that is, the number of grammes equal to the figure representing the molecular mass) of alcohol or sugar in water, falls 1.85 deg.