Universal history is not entitled to the name unless it embraces all parts of the earth and all peoples, whether savage or civilized.

To fill the gaps in the written record it must turn to ethnology and geography, which by tracing the distribution and movements of primitive peoples can often reconstruct the most important features of their history.
Anthropo-geographic problems are never simple.

They must all be viewed in the long perspective of evolution and the historical past.

They require allowance for the dominance of different geographic factors at different periods, and for a possible range of geographic influences wide as the earth itself.

In the investigator they call for pains-taking analysis and, above all, an open mind.
NOTES TO CHAPTER I.
[1] George Adam Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land, pp.
149-157.