The Magyars, among whom pastoral life still survives on the low plains of the Danube and Theiss, have a generic word for herd, _csorda_, and special terms for herds of cattle, horses, sheep, and swine.[71] While the vocabulary of Malays and Polynesians is especially rich in nautical terms, the Kirghis shepherd tribes who wander over the highlands of western Asia from the Tian Shan to the Hindu Kush have four different terms for four kinds of mountain passes.

A _daban_ is a difficult, rocky defile; an _art_ is very high and dangerous; a _bel_ is a low, easy pass, and a _kutal_ is a broad opening between low hills.[72] To such influences man is a passive subject, especially in the earlier stages of his development; but there are more important influences emanating from his environment which affect him as an active agent, challenge his will by furnishing the motives for its exercise, give purpose to his activities, and determine the direction which they shall take.[73] These mold his mind and character through the media of his economic and social life, and produce effects none the less important because they are secondary.

About these anthropo-geography can reach surer conclusions than regarding direct psychical effects, because it can trace their mode of operation as well as define the result.

Direct psychical effects are more matters of conjecture, whose causation is asserted rather than proved.

They seem to float in the air, detached from the solid ground under foot, and are therefore subject matter for the psychologist rather than the geographer.
[Sidenote: The great man in history.] What of the great man in this geographical interpretation of history?
It seems to take no account of him, or to put him into the melting-pot with the masses.