Spoleto was broken up.

Benevento survived as a Lombard duchy till the Norman Conquest.
The kingdom of the Lombards endured two centuries, and left ineffaceable marks upon Italy.

A cordon of military cities was drawn round the old Roman centers in Lombardy, Tuscany, and the Duchy of Spoleto.

Pavia rose against Milan, which had been a second Rome, Cividale against Aquileia, Fiesole against Florence, Lucca against Pisa.

The country was divided into Duchies and Marches; military service was exacted from the population, and the laws of the Lombards, _asininum jus, quoddam jus quod faciebant reges per se_, as the jurists afterwards defined them, were imposed upon the descendants of Roman civilization.