The hours of toil were long.

And if the whip descended upon the back of the negro in the South, the factory overseer in Philadelphia flogged the laborer who did not work enough to suit him, or who was tardy at the task.

Women and children there were feeling the lash of the whip.

Just now there was talk of a machine which would cut as much grain in a day as six men could cut with scythes.

I ordered two of these machines for the next year, for I was farming more and more on a big scale.