Let it be noted in passing that this provision for the decision of constitutional questions is foreign to the habits and traditions of English Courts; no judge throughout the United Kingdom ever pronounces a speculative opinion upon the extent, operation, or validity of an Act of Parliament.

It is the inveterate habit of our judges to deal with particular cases as they come before them, and with particular cases alone.

They will find themselves greatly perplexed when they come to pronounce judgment upon abstract questions of law.

This is not all.

The proposed arrangement is as foreign to the spirit of American Federalism as it is to the spirit of English law.