DISABILITIES AND EMIGRATION The pogrom machinery was thus stopped by a word of command from St.
Petersburg.

As a counterbalance, the machinery for the manufacture of Jewish disabilities continued in full operation.

The "Temporary Rules" of May third established a system of legal persecutions which were directed against the Jews on the ground of their "economic injuriousness," The fact that the Jewish population was in many regards outside the operation of the general laws of Russia opened up a wide field for the grossest forms of arbitrariness and lawlessness.

At one stroke, all the exits from the overcrowded cities into the villages within the Pale of Settlement were tightly closed.

All branches of industry connected with Jewish land ownership outside the cities were curtailed and in some places entirely cut off.