Poisoners were punished by having their heads placed upon a broad stone, and then having their faces crushed, and their brains beaten out by repeated blows with another stone.

Ravishers and rebels were put to death by crucifixion.

The horrible punishment of "the boat" seems to have been no individual tyrant's cruel conception, but a recognized and legal form of execution.

The same may be said also of burying alive.

Again the Persian secondary punishments were for the most part exceedingly barbarous.
Xenophon tells us, as a proof of the good government maintained by the younger Cyrus, in his satrapy, that under his sway it was common to see along all the most frequented roads numbers of persons who had had their hands or feet cut off, or their eyes put out, as a punishment for thieving and rascality.