Monks and nuns complained, not without cause, that austerities were expected from them which were not included in the rules to which they vowed obedience.

The severity of the Inquisition was augmented, and the Index Expurgatorius began to exercise a stricter jurisdiction over books.

The Pope spent half his time at the Holy Office, inquiring into cases of heresy of ten or twenty years' standing.

From Florence he caused Carnesecchi to be dragged to Rome and burned; from Venice the refugee Guido Zanetti of Fano was delivered over to his tender mercies; and the excellent Carranza, Archbishop of Toledo, was sent from Spain to be condemned to death before the Roman tribunal.

Criminal justice, meanwhile, was administered with greater purity, and the composition of crimes for money, if not wholly abolished, was moderated.