Yet the negotiations in which he was engaged with Spain, involving enterprises to the detriment of the English realm and the French Reformation, leave no doubt that both S.
Bartholomew and the Armada would have met with his hearty approval.

One glorious victory gave luster to the reign of Pius V.In 1571 the navies of Spain, Venice and Rome inflicted a paralyzing blow upon the Turkish power at Lepanto; and this success was potent in fanning the flame of Catholic enthusiasm.
The pontificates of Paul IV., Pius IV., and Pius V., differing as they did in very important details, had achieved a solid triumph for reformed Catholicism, of which both the diplomatical and the ascetic parties in the Church, Jesuits and Theatines, were eager to take advantage.

A new spirit in the Roman polity prevailed, upon the reality of which its future force depended; and the men who embodied this spirit had no mind to relax their hold on its administration.

After the death of Pius V.
they had to deal with a Pope who resembled his penultimate predecessor, Pius IV., more than the last Pontiff.

Ugo Buoncompagno, the scion of a _bourgeois_ family settled in Bologna, began his career as a jurist.