Now that the Pope had become a tool in the hands of a power which was to be its great enemy, the country was driven to close alliances with the Empire and to an evergrowing alienation from the Roman See.

In Scotch affairs the hostility of the Popes had been steady and vexatious ever since Edward the First's time, and from the moment that this fresh struggle commenced they again showed their French partizanship.

When Lewis made a last appeal for peace, Philip of Valois made Benedict XII.

lay down as a condition that the Emperor should form no alliance with an enemy of France.

The quarrel of both England and Germany with the Papacy at once grew ripe.