At Oxford, as at most of the continental universities, there were three degrees, those of Bachelor, Licentiate and Doctor.

The books read were the "Tegni" of Galen, the "Aphorisms" of Hippocrates, the "De Febribus" of Isaac and the "Antidotarium" of Nicolaus Salernitanus: if a graduate in arts, six years' study in all was required, in other faculties, eight.

One gets very full information on such matters from a most interesting book, "Une Chaire de Medecine au XVe Siecle," by Dr.
Ferrari (Paris, 1899).

The University of Pavia was founded in 1361, and like most of those in Italy was largely frequented by foreigners, who were arranged, as usual, according to their nationalities; but the students do not appear to have controlled the university quite so much as at Bologna.

The documents of the Ferrari family, on which the work is based, tell the story of one of its members, who was professor at Pavia from 1432 to 1472.