Minor surgery was in the hands of the barbers, who performed all the minor operations, such as bleeding; the more important operations, few in number, were performed by surgeons.
ASTROLOGY AND DIVINATION AT this period astrology, which included astronomy, was everywhere taught.

In the "Gouernaunce of Prynces, or Pryvete of Pryveties," translated by James Yonge, 1422,( 26) there occurs the statement: "As Galian the lull wies leche Saith and Isoder the Gode clerk, hit witnessith that a man may not perfitely can the sciens and craft of Medissin but yef he be an astronomoure." (26) Early English Text Society, Extra Series, No.

LXXIV, p.

195, 1898; Secreta Secretorum, Rawl.MS.

B., 490.
We have seen how the practice of astrology spread from Babylonia and Greece throughout the Roman Empire.