1,415404 Total 9,949592 Now the Pontifical army is kept up avowedly not for purposes of defence, but to support the Government.

The public debt of 66 millions of scudi has been incurred for the sake of keeping up this army.

The expenses of the Interior mean the expenses of the police and spies, which infest every town in the Papal dominions, and the grant for Special Purposes, whatever else it may mean, which is not clear, means certainly some job, which the Government does not like to avow.

The only parts, therefore, of the expenditure which can be fairly said to be for the benefit of the nation, are the expenses of the Currency, Census and Public Works, amounting altogether to 785198 scudi, or not a twelfth of the net income raised by taxation.

Commercially speaking, whatever may be the case theologically, I am afraid the Papal system can hardly be said to pay..