She saw the ruin of her commerce involved in the policy of Jefferson, and regarded it as an unworthy concession to the usurper of the French throne.

In this emergency John Quincy Adams turned his back on Massachusetts, and threw into the uprising scale of the administration, the weight of his talents and of his already eminent fame.

Massachusetts instructed the recusant to recant.

He refused to obey, and resigned his place.

His change of political relations astounded the country, and, with the customary charity of partisan zeal, was attributed to venality.