Whereas a semi-Lutheran doctrine of justification was adopted, the Protestants prepared two long memoirs rejecting the authority of the council recently convened at Trent.

And then, in the summer, war broke out.

At this moment the forces of the Schmalkaldic League were superior to those of its enemies.

But for poor leadership and lack of unity in command they would probably have won.
Towards the last of August and early in September the Protestant troops bombarded the imperial army at Ingolstadt, but failed to follow this up by a decisive {128} attack, as was urged by General Schaertlin of Augsburg.

Lack of equipment was partly responsible for this failure.
When the emperor advanced, the Elector of Saxony and the Landgrave of Hesse retired each to his own land.