His religious policy was one of pacification, conciliation, and of supporting inconspicuously the Jesuit foundations at Wilna, Posen, Cracow, and Eiga.

But the full fruits of their propaganda, resulting in the complete reconversion of Poland to Catholicism were not reaped until the reign of his successor, Sigismund III, a Vasa, of Sweden.

[Sidenote: Sigismund III, 1586-1632] [Sidenote: Bohemia] Bohemia, a Slav kingdom long united historically and dynastically with the Empire, as the home of Huss, welcomed the Reformation warmly, the Brethren turning first to Luther and then to Calvin.

After various efforts to suppress and banish them had failed of large success, the Compact of 1567 granted toleration to the three principal churches.

As in Poland, the Jesuits won back the whole land in the next generation, so that in 1910 there were in Bohemia 6,500,000 Catholics and only 175,000 Protestants.
[Sidenote: Hungary, 1526] Hungary was so badly broken by the Turks at the battle of Mohacs that she was able to play but little part in the development of Western civilization.