Charles was so chagrined that he challenged Francis to a duel.

This opera bouffe performance ended by each monarch giving the other "the lie in the throat." Though France succeeded in making with new allies, the pope and Venice, the League of Cognac, [Sidenote: May, 1526] and though Germany was at that time embarrassed by the Turkish invasion, the ensuing war turned out favorably to the emperor.

The ascendancy of Charles was so marked that peace again had to be made in his favor in 1529.

The treaty of Cambrai, as it was called, was the treaty of Madrid over again except that Burgundy was kept by France.

She gave up, however, Lille, Douai and other territory in the north and renounced her suzerainty over Milan and Naples.