Emigration continued on a large scale.

By 1556 it was estimated that thirty thousand Protestants from the Low Countries were settled in or near London.

Elizabeth encouraged them to come, assigning them {254} Norwich as a place of refuge.

[Sidenote: 1563] She also began to tax imports from the Netherlands, a blow to which Philip replied by forbidding all English imports.
[Sidenote: Revolt] Hitherto the resistance to the government had been mostly passive and constitutional.

But from 1565 may be dated the beginning of the revolt that did not cease until it had freed the northern provinces forever from Spanish tyranny.