Hence his memorable resistance to ship-money.

London and the seaports were induced to provide supplies for ships in 1634, on the pretext that piracy must be prevented.

In the following year the demand was extended to the inland counties, and Hampden refused point blank to pay--though the amount was only a matter of 20s .-- falling back, in justification of his refusal, on the Petition of Right--acknowledged by Charles in 1628--which declared that taxes were not to be levied without the consent of Parliament.

The case was decided in 1636, and five of the twelve judges held that Hampden's objection was valid.

The arguments in favour of non-payment were circulated far and wide, so that, in spite of the adverse verdict, "the judgment proved of more advantage and credit to the gentleman condemned than to the King's service."[52] The personal rule of Charles and his Ministers, Laud and Strafford, came to an end in the autumn of 1640, when there was no choice left to the King but to summon Parliament, if money was to be obtained.