Loyal to what?
Loyal to a foreign and independent power, which the gentleman from Pennsylvania was really maintaining the Confederacy for the time being to represent." Immediately after the recess the Reconstruction debate was resumed, and an able speech made by Mr.Spalding of Ohio, reviewing the subject generally rather than specifically replying to Mr.Raymond.
Representing one of the districts of the Western Reserve (the most radical section of the United States), it is interesting to see what Mr.Spalding declared would be satisfactory to the mass of his constituents as conditions precedent to the re-admission of the rebel States.

He laid down five requirements: _First_, "to give a qualified right of suffrage to the freedmen in the District of Columbia;" _second_, to "so amend the Constitution of the United States that people of color shall not be counted with the population in making up the ratio of representation in Congress, except in those States where they are permitted to exercise the elective franchise;" _third_, "to insert a provision in the Constitution prohibiting nullification and secession;" _fourth_, "to insert a provision in the Constitution prohibiting the repudiation of the National debt and also prohibiting the assumption of the rebel debt;" _fifth_, to provide in the Constitution that "no person who has at any time taken up arms against the United States shall ever be admitted to a seat in the Senate or House of Representatives." On the eighth day of January, two days after the re-assembling of Congress, Mr.Shellabarger of Ohio specifically answered the speech of Mr.Raymond.

He spoke with care and preparation, as was his habit.
He wasted no words, but in clear, crisp sentences subjected the whole question to the rigid test of logic.

"I shall inquire," said Mr.
Shellabarger, "whether the Constitution deals with States.

I shall discuss the question whether an organized rebellion against a government is an organized State in that government; whether that which cannot become a State until all its officers have sworn to support the Constitution, remains a State after they have all sworn to overthrow that Constitution.