Subcastes formed from social or religious differences, or from mixed descent.
Subcastes are also occasionally formed from differences of social practice which produce some slight gain or loss of status.

Thus the Biyahut or 'Married' Kalars prohibit the remarriage of widows, saying that a woman is married once for all, and hence rank a little higher than the others.

The Dosar Banias, on the other hand, are said to take their name from _dusra_, second, because they allow a widow to marry a second time and are hence looked upon by the others as a second-class lot.

The Khedawal Brahmans are divided into the 'outer' and 'inner': the inner subdivision being said to exist of those who accepted presents from the Raja of Kaira and remained in his town, while the outer refused the presents, quitted the town and dwelt outside.

The latter rank a little higher than the former.