"He was nae Roman, but only a Cuddie, or Culdee." Some Scottish Protestants took pride in believing that their Kirk descended from Culdees, who were not of the Roman Communion.

The Culdees have given rise to a world of dispute, and he would be a bold man who pretended to understand their exact position.

The name seems to be _Cele De_, "servant [gillie] of God." They were not Columban monks, but fill a gap between the expulsion of the Columbans by the Picts, and the Anglicising and Romanising of the Scottish Church by St.Margaret and her sons.

Originally solitary ascetics, they clustered into groups, and, if we are to believe their supplanters at St.Andrews, the Canons Regular, they were married men, and used church property for family profit.

Their mass they celebrated with a rite of their own, in their little church.