The Pennsylvania delegation, led by James H.Campbell and John Covode, did all in their power to defeat it.

The two Washburns, Colfax, and George G.
Dunn headed a formidable opposition from the West.

Humphrey Marshall and Samuel F.Swope of Kentucky were the only representatives from slave States who voted in the negative; though in the Senate three old and honored Whigs, John Bell of Tennessee, John B.Thompson of Kentucky, and Henry S.Geyer of Missouri maintained their ancient faith and voted against lowering the duties.

It was an extraordinary political combination that brought the senators from Massachusetts and the senators from South Carolina, the representatives from New England and the representatives from the cotton States, to support the same tariff bill,--a combination which had not before occurred since the administration of Monroe.

This singular coalition portended one of two results: Either an entire and permanent acquiescence in the rule of free-trade, or an entire abrogation of that system, and the revival, with renewed strength, of the doctrine of protection.