1.

Phoenicia, before the establishment of the hegemony of Tyre.
Separate autonomy of the Phoenician cities--No marked predominance of any one or more of them during the Egyptian period, B.C.

1600-1350--A certain pre-eminence subsequently acquired by Aradus and Sidon--Sidonian territorial ascendancy--Great proficiency of Sidon in the arts--Sidon's war with the Philistines--Her early colonies--Her advances in navigation--Her general commercial honesty--Occasional kidnapping--Stories of Io and Eumaeus--Internal government-- Relations with the Israelites.
When the Phoenician immigrants, in scattered bands, and at longer or shorter intervals, arrived upon the Syrian coast, and finding it empty occupied it, or wrested it from its earlier possessors, there was a decided absence from among them of any single governing or controlling authority; a marked tendency to assert and maintain separate rule and jurisdiction.

Sidon, the Arkite, the Arvadite, the Zemarite, are separately enumerated in the book of Genesis;[0141] and the Hebrews have not even any one name under which to comprise the commercial people settled upon their coast line,[0142] until we come to Gospel times, when the Greeks have brought the term "Syro-Phoenician" into use.[0143] Elsewhere we hear of "them of Sidon," "them of Tyre,"[0144] "the Giblites,"[0145] "the men of Arvad,"[0146] "the Arkites," "the Sinites," "the Zemarites,"[0147] "the inhabitants of Accho, of Achzib, and Aphek,"[0148] but never of the whole maritime population north of Philistia under any single ethnic appellation.

And the reason seems to be, that the Phoenicians, even more than the Greeks, affected a city autonomy.