The "Controlleur" was a European, or a native of European blood, who was the general superintendent of the cultivation of the district, the adviser of the chiefs, the protector of the people, and the means of communication between both and the European Government.

His duties obliged him to visit every village in succession once a month, and to send in a report on their condition to the Resident.

As disputes between adjacent villages were now settled by appeal to a superior authority, the old and inconvenient semi-fortified houses were disused, and under the direction of the "Controlleurs" most of the houses were rebuilt on a neat and uniform plan.

It was this interesting district which I was now about to visit.
Having decided on my route, I started at 8 A.M.on the 22d of June.
Mr.Tower drove me the first three miles in his chaise, and Mr.Neys accompanied me on horseback three miles further to the village of Lotta.

Here we met the Controlleur of the district of Tondano, who was returning home from one of his monthly tours, and who had agreed to act as my guide and companion on the journey.