"Rapport general," by M.Alfred Picard, p.367.At the same date, the number of pupils in the public schools was 4,500,119.--"Journal des Debats," Sep.

12, 1891, Report of the commission of statistics.

"From 1878-79 to 1889-90, 5,063 public congregationist schools are transformed into secular schools or suppressed; at the time of their transformation they enumerated in all 648,824 pupils .-- Following upon this secularization, 2,839 private congregationist schools are opened as competitors and count in 1889-90, 354,473 pupils."-- In ten years public secular instruction gains 12,229 schools and 973,380 pupils; public congregationist instruction loses 5,218 schools and 550,639 pupils.

On the other hand, private congregationist instruction gains 3,790 schools and 413,979 pupils."] [Footnote 63105: Turlin, ibid, p.61.

(M.Turlin enumerates "104,765 functionaries," to which must be added the teaching, administrative and auxiliary staff of teachers of the 173 normal schools and their 3000 pupils, all gratuitous).