Whig naval officers declared that they had no chance of fair treatment at the hands of a Tory Admiralty, and Lord Howe, among others, now refused to serve.

For a time British supremacy on the sea disappeared and it was only regained in April, 1782, when the Tory Admiral Rodney won a great victory in the West Indies against the French.
A spirit of violence was abroad in England.

The disabilities of the Roman Catholics were a gross scandal.

They might not vote or hold public office.

Yet when, in 1780, Parliament passed a bill removing some of their burdens dreadful riots broke out in London.